8-iso-prostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane formed from lipid peroxidation due to oxidative stress. Elevated levels of this molecule can indicate increased oxidative stress and potential tissue damage. It is used as a biomarker to study the role of oxidative stress in various diseases and conditions.
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This prostaglandin (8-iso-PG F2α), derived by the non-enzymatic free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonic acid, an essential fatty acid present in various food sources, functions as an inflammatory mediator. It participates in multiple biological processes, such as vasodilation, pain perception, and immune regulation.
8-epi-prostaglandin F2α, also known as 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α or 8-iso-PG F2α, is a molecule derived from the prostaglandin family, specifically from the F2 series of prostaglandins. It is a biologically active compound but is not a typical prostaglandin produced in the body under normal circumstances. Instead, 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane, a molecule formed by the peroxidation of lipids, particularly arachidonic acid, in response to oxidative stress or inflammation. It is produced when oxidative stress leads to the peroxidation of lipids in cell membranes, forming this isoprostane.
8-epi-prostaglandin F2α is considered a marker of oxidative stress in the body. It is associated with various pathological conditions, including inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and cell oxidative damage.
Clinical Significance: Elevated levels of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α in biological samples, such as blood or urine, can indicate increased oxidative stress and potential tissue damage. Therefore, it is often used as a biomarker in clinical and research settings to assess oxidative stress and its role in various diseases.
Oxidative Stress: Oxidative stress is an imbalance between producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to neutralize them with antioxidants. Excessive oxidative stress is associated with numerous health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer.
Antioxidant Defense: The body has natural defense mechanisms, including antioxidants, to counteract the harmful effects of oxidative stress. Maintaining a balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants is essential for overall health.
Lipid peroxidation is a well-defined mechanism of cell damage in animals and plants. Lipid peroxides are unstable markers of cellular oxidative stress and are rapidly degraded to form more complex and reactive molecules such as isoprostanes. Isoprostanes are a type of eicosanoid produced non-enzymatically through oxygen-free radicals' peroxidation of tissue phospholipids and lipoproteins. Isoprostanes are prostaglandin-like compounds that occur normally in plasma and urine but are increased during oxidative stress in tissues, plasma, and urine.
Measuring 8-Iso Prostaglandin F2a (8-epi-PGF2a, 8-isoprostane, and 15-isoprostane F2t) helps assess oxidative stress in vivo. The non-enzymatic and enzymatic (cyclooxygenase) peroxidation of arachidonic acid produces it from membrane phospholipids. 8-Iso Prostaglandin F2a is a potent vasoconstrictor, a mutagen for 3T3 cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and a potential pathophysiological mediator that can alter cell membrane integrity. It has been implicated in atherogenesis, and elevated levels are associated with hepatorenal syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and carcinogenesis, as well as atherosclerosis. 8-Iso Prostaglandin F2a circulates in the plasma and is excreted in the urine. 8-Iso Prostaglandin F2a circulates as an esterified LDL phospholipid and as a free acid.
