Molecular testing for atypical Mycobacteria is used for the rapid and high specificity and sensitivity of detection of these microorganisms by a variety of biological materials.
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The Mycobacterium avium complex consists of 28 serotypes of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare species. Some researchers also classify the subspecies Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in this group. These non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria have a single chromosome of approximately 5.5 million nucleotides and plasmids that differ between strains. They cannot be stained with the classical microbiological Gram stain but only with the acid-fast stain (Ziehl-Neelsen).
Inhalation or ingestion of Mycobacteria allows entry into the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract. Phagocytes phagocytose the bacteria, but due to their resistance to various pH, they can multiply within this environment, eventually killing the phagocytes, destroying the cells, and then freely entering the bloodstream. This occurs mainly in people with suppressed immune systems.
Infection with a species of the Mycobacterium avium complex in patients with suppressed immune systems can lead to symptoms such as fever, fatigue, weight loss, abdominal pain, or pulmonary symptoms such as chest pain, depending on the area of infection. Infection in people without reduced immunity can lead to inflammation of the lymph nodes.
The species of the Mycobacterium avium complex are resistant to many commonly used antibiotics. This reduces the number of drugs that can be used against these germs, with treatment usually involving many medications for an extended period. Atypical Mycobacteria are resistant to chlorine and other mild disinfectants.
Important Note
Laboratory test results are the most critical parameter for diagnosing and monitoring all pathological conditions. Between 70 to 80% of diagnostic decisions are based on laboratory tests. Correctly interpreting laboratory results allows a doctor to distinguish "healthy" from "diseased."
Laboratory test results should not be interpreted from the numerical result of a single analysis. Test results should be analyzed based on each case and family history, clinical findings, and the results of other laboratory tests and information. Your physician should explain the importance of your test results.
At Diagnostiki Athinon, we answer any questions you may have about the test you perform in our laboratory and contact your doctor to ensure you receive the best possible medical care.
