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Methylmalonic Acid (MMA), Serum

Includes 1 test
Blood
7 Days
50€

Serum methylmalonic acid measurement is used for the laboratory testing of children with signs and symptoms of methylmalonic acidemia as well as for the evaluation of patients with signs and symptoms associated with cobalamin deficiency (vitamin B12).

More information

Elevated levels of methylmalonic acid (MMA) in the serum blood and urine occur when there is a disturbance of the enzymes active in the metabolic pathway. Increased methylmalonic acid in the blood is a rare inherited, autosomal recessive disorder that causes methylmalonic acid metabolism to fail. One specific genetic mutation, 271dupA, represents 40% of the pathological alleles of the disease. The disease includes symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, progressive encephalopathy, convulsions, and developmental delays. If the disease is not detected early, the condition worsens as the infant consumes more protein. This leads to acidemia, hyperammonemia, coma, and death. If the disease is diagnosed at an early stage, acidemia can be minimized by a low-protein diet. As this condition is extremely rare, many infants can die from the disease without being diagnosed.

Methylmalonic acid is also a sensitive indicator of vitamin B12 deficiency, as is the case with pernicious anemia. Measuring methylmalonic acid along with the determination of vitamin B12 is the first step in controlling pernicious anemia. If both measurements are elevated, the follow-up includes screening for endogenous antibodies, parietal cell antibodies (APCA), and gastrin levels measurement.

Acquired nutritional deficiencies are much more common than genetic abnormalities and may be due to intestinal malabsorption, reduced digestion, or poor nutrition. Elderly patients with cobalamin deficiency may develop peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, loss of balance and vibration sensation, memory impairment, depression, and dementia, even without anemia. Other conditions such as kidney failure, hypokalaemia, and small intestine bacterial overgrowth also contribute to possible causes of mild methylmalonic acidemia and aciduria.

Several studies have shown that the determination of methylmalonic acid in serum or urine may be a more reliable indicator of cobalamin deficiency than the immediate determination of cobalamin.

Possible Interpretations of Pathological Values
 
  • Increase: Hereditary disorder (methylmalonic acidemia), pernicious anemia, low B12 levels

 

 

Important Note

Laboratory test results are the most important parameter for the diagnosis and monitoring of all pathological conditions. 70%-80% of diagnostic decisions are based on laboratory tests. The correct interpretation of laboratory results allows a doctor to distinguish "healthy" from "diseased".

Laboratory test results should not be interpreted from the numerical result of a single analysis. Test results should be interpreted in relation to each individual case and family history, clinical findings, and the results of other laboratory tests and information. Your personal physician should explain the importance of your test results.

At Diagnostiki Athinon we answer any questions you may have about the test you perform in our laboratory and we contact your doctor to get the best possible medical care.

Additional information
Tests includedIncludes 1 test
Sample Blood
Procedure completion test
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