The measurement of serum ferritin is used to diagnose iron deficiency and iron overload conditions in the body, as well as for the laboratory differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia from anemia of chronic disease.
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Ferritin is a large globular protein composed of 24 subunits with a molecular weight of approximately 450 kDa. The subunits form a shell surrounding a central core containing variable amounts of iron. A ferritin molecule can bind 4,000 to 5,000 iron atoms, making ferritin the major iron storage protein. The ferritin concentration is directly proportional to the total body iron stores, making serum ferritin concentrations a diagnostic tool for assessing the body's iron status.
Ferritin levels decrease before the onset of symptoms of anemia. For example, ferritin and hemosiderin stores are depleted in the early stages of iron deficiency anemia. In the second stage, serum iron decreases, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) increases. In the third stage, hemoglobin levels decrease, and iron deficiency affects heme synthesis. Ferritin levels, in conjunction with iron levels and total iron binding capacity, are used to diagnose various types of anemia.
Race, income, education, and other socioeconomic factors are associated with iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Adolescent and adult women, individuals on strict diets, and the obese are considered to be at high risk for iron deficiency. Premature and low-birth-weight infants are also at increased risk.
Possible Interpretations of Pathological Values
- Increase: Anemia other than iron deficiency (chronic, hemolytic, megaloblastic, malignant, sideroblastic), carcinoma (generalized, hepatic), cirrhosis, hemochromatosis (idiopathic), liver disease (acute, chronic), hepatic necrosis, hepatitis, hepatoma, Hodgkin's disease, hyperthyroidism, inflammation (chronic), iron intake (excessive dietary intake or by blood transfusion), leukemia, obstructive jaundice, multiple myeloma, polycythemia, kidney disease (chronic), rheumatoid arthritis, upper respiratory tract infection with fever, iron overload, thalassemia (major and minor), tissue trauma. Medications: Alcohol (ethanol), ascorbic acid (in women), iron, hormonal contraceptives
- Decrease: Acute peptic ulcer, gastrointestinal adenoma, iron deficiency anemia (iron deficiency), colon cancer, hemodialysis, inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, intense athletic activity, gastrointestinal surgery, malnutrition
Important Note
Laboratory test results are the most critical parameter for diagnosing and monitoring all pathological conditions. Between 70 to 80% of diagnostic decisions are based on laboratory tests. Correctly interpreting laboratory results allows a doctor to distinguish "healthy" from "diseased."
Laboratory test results should not be interpreted from the numerical result of a single analysis. Test results should be analyzed based on each case and family history, clinical findings, and the results of other laboratory tests and information. Your physician should explain the importance of your test results.
At Diagnostiki Athinon, we answer any questions you may have about the test you perform in our laboratory and contact your doctor to ensure you receive the best possible medical care.
