The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is measured to evaluate the nonspecific activity of infections, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders,, and blood cell malformations.
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The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a nonspecific test for inflammatory and necrotic conditions. However, it can also increase in normal conditions, such as pregnancy. In these cases, a change in the blood proteins leads to the aggregation of the red blood cells and an increase in ESR.
ESR measures the speed at which red blood cells in a unique tube mixed with a specific anticoagulant settle. Red blood cells aggregated due to inflammation and necrotic conditions settle more quickly than individual red blood cells. Thus, ESR, expressed in mm/hour, will increase in such conditions. There is a direct relationship between ESR and the course of these diseases. As the disease improves, ESR decreases.
Measurement of the ESR has limited diagnostic value in cases of severe anemia or in hematological conditions that significantly affect the size and shape of red blood cells (e.g., sickle cell or spherocyte presence).
Possible Interpretations of Pathological Values
- Increase: Anemia, coccidiomycosis, Crohn's disease, hemolytic anemia, infection, inflammatory conditions, malignancies, myocardial infarction, osteomyelitis, painful conditions, polymyalgia rheumatica, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, arteritis, tissue damage, sometimes during menstruation. Medications: Dextran, heparin, oral contraceptives
- Decrease: Congestive heart failure, factor V deficiency, hypoalbuminemia, poikilocytosis, polycythemia, sickle cell anemia. Medications: Albumin, aspirin, corticotropin, cortisone, lecithin, steroids
Important Note
Laboratory test results are the most critical parameter for diagnosing and monitoring all pathological conditions. Between 70 to 80% of diagnostic decisions are based on laboratory tests. Correctly interpreting laboratory results allows a doctor to distinguish "healthy" from "diseased."
Laboratory test results should not be interpreted from the numerical result of a single analysis. Test results should be analyzed based on each case and family history, clinical findings, and the results of other laboratory tests and information. Your physician should explain the importance of your test results.
At Diagnostiki Athinon, we answer any questions you may have about the test you perform in our laboratory and contact your doctor to ensure you receive the best possible medical care.
