Diverticulosis is a condition characterized by the presence of small diverticula that can form on the walls of the large intestine. When these diverticula become inflamed, the condition is referred to as diverticulitis. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits. Treatment includes dietary changes, antibiotics, and, in severe cases, surgery. The assessment of the Polygenic Risk Score for diverticulosis is based on the examination of 38 gene polymorphisms.
Genetic testing for diverticulosis is included along with 14 other diseases in the Genetic Screening for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Polygenic Risk Score.
Causes and non-genetic risk factors
Diverticula are ubiquitous in the population, especially after age 40. When these diverticula become inflamed, which occurs less frequently, they can cause health problems.
Diverticula form due to pressure on naturally weak places in the intestine. Risk factors that can lead to tearing and inflammation of these structures include:
- Age: the incidence of the disease increases with age
- Obesity and overweight
- Smoking: people who smoke are more prone to suffer diverticulitis
- Lack of physical exercise
- Unhealthy diet: a diet rich in fat and poor in fiber can increase the risk
- Consumption of certain medications: there are drugs such as steroids, opiates, or NSAIDs that are associated with an increased risk
Symptoms
Most people with diverticula are asymptomatic, although they may notice distension and cramping in the lower abdomen. When these diverticula become inflamed, the symptomatology is much more evident, including:
- Pain and tenderness in the lower abdomen that may last for several days
- Constipation or diarrhea
- Bloating and gas
- Fever and chills
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
Prevention
The occurrence of diverticula cannot be prevented, but some factors can help reduce the risk of diverticulitis. Among them:
- Practicing exercise regularly favors the proper functioning of the intestine and reduces the pressure inside the colon
- Increase fiber intake, prioritizing fresh fruits or vegetables and whole grains
- Drink plenty of fluids
- Avoid tobacco consumption
