Urine copper measurement is used to diagnose Wilson's disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis.
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Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element essential for synthesizing hemoglobin and activating respiratory chain enzymes. In normal conditions, more than 95% of serum copper is bound to ceruloplasmin, and the remainder is loosely bound to albumin.
High concentrations of copper in the urine are observed in hepatobiliary degeneration (Wilson's disease) due to the reduced synthesis of ceruloplasmin. Without ceruloplasmin for copper transport, Wilson's disease results in copper accumulation in the brain, eyes, kidneys, and liver tissues. One of the features of this disease is the presence of Kayser-Fleischer rings around the eye's iris, which are created by the deposition of copper. Elevated levels of copper in the urine, as well as primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, hemochromatosis, malignant diseases (including leukemia), thyroid toxicity, and various infections. Concentrations of copper in the urine may also be elevated in patients taking contraceptives or estrogens during pregnancy.
Decreased concentrations of copper in the urine are observed in malnutrition, hypoproteinemia, malabsorption, and nephrotic syndrome. Excessive intake of zinc-containing dietary supplements (zinc inhibits the normal absorption of copper from the gastrointestinal tract) also results in decreased levels of copper in the urine.
Possible Interpretations of Pathological Values
- Increase: Alzheimer's disease, aminoaciduria, cirrhosis (biliary), hepatitis (chronic, active), hyperceruloplasminemia, nephrotic syndrome, pellagra, proteinuria, Wilson's disease
Important Note
Laboratory test results are the most important parameter for diagnosing and monitoring all pathological conditions. Between 70% and 80% of diagnostic decisions are based on laboratory tests. Correct interpretation of laboratory results allows a doctor to distinguish "healthy" from "diseased."
Laboratory test results should not be interpreted from the numerical result of a single analysis. Test results should be interpreted about each case and family history, clinical findings and the results of other laboratory tests and information. Your physician should explain the importance of your test results.
At Diagnostiki Athinon, we answer any questions you may have about the test you perform in our laboratory, and we contact your doctor to get the best possible medical care.
