Abdominal hernia is a pathological condition characterized by the prolapse of an organ or tissue through a weakened area in the abdominal wall, often presented as visible swelling. It can result from weightlifting, obesity, or chronic cough, and surgery is often required to repair the hernia and strengthen the weakened abdominal wall. The assessment of the Polygenic Risk Score for abdominal hernia is based on the examination of 11 gene polymorphisms.
Genetic testing for abdominal hernia is included along with 14 other diseases in the Genetic Screening for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Polygenic Risk Score, and in the Genetic Screening for Musculoskeletal Diseases, Polygenic Risk Score, along with 11 other diseases.
Causes and non-genetic risk factors
The risk factors for the appearance of hernias are the following:
- Sex: it is much more frequent in men than in women. In addition, the vast majority of newborns who develop hernias are male.
- Chronic cough: sustained coughing, such as that associated with smoking, increases the risk.
- Constipation: Staining during defecation is a frequent cause.
- Overweight and obesity: excess abdominal fat increases pressure on the abdomen.
- Pregnancy: This condition can cause the weakening of the abdominal muscles.
- Heavy physical work: having a job that requires continuous weight bearing.
- Abdominal surgery.
- Premature birth.
- Personal history of hernia: if you have had a hernia before, you are more likely to develop another one.
Symptoms
Symptoms may vary depending on the location of the hernia, which is mainly distinguished by inguinal, femoral, umbilical, and epigastric hernias. All forms of abdominal hernia manifest themselves as a stiff and tense bulge that cannot be undone. In addition, it may become more noticeable on exertion, such as coughing or lifting. Usually, no further symptoms are present, but they may also be accompanied by a burning sensation, pain, or a feeling of heaviness (especially in inguinal hernias). One of the severe complications of hernias is the strangulation of its contents, which can interrupt blood flow and require urgent surgery.
Prevention
The risk of abdominal hernia can be reduced by actions that decrease the pressure in the abdomen. These include:
- Maintaining a healthy weight.
- Avoid constipation with a healthy diet rich in fiber.
- When exerting yourself, be aware and strengthen the abdominal area to minimize the impact.
- Stop smoking. Smoking causes chronic coughing, which increases the risk of abdominal wall dysfunction.
- Practice abdominal wall strengthening exercises, especially in people at higher risk, such as pregnant women or after certain surgeries. Physical therapy can be very beneficial in these cases.
