Serological testing for antibodies against Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA) is used in the laboratory distinction between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in patients tested for inflammatory bowel diseases.
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This test allows the detection of antibodies against Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan, a mannose-containing phosphopeptide found in the cell membrane of S. cerevisiae. The detection of ASCA antibodies facilitates the differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis, especially in the early stages.
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the intestinal mucosa that is limited to the colon and rectum and can also lead to ulcers. Crohn's disease causes inflammation that can spread to deeper layers of the walls of the colon.
Crohn's disease leads to significantly higher concentrations of ASCA antibodies in the serum than ulcerative colitis. Studies have shown that 75% of patients with Crohn's disease have IgG class ASCA antibodies in their serum, and 60% have IgA class ASCA antibodies. In contrast, only 5% of patients with ulcerative colitis have elevated titers of IgG class ASCA antibodies, and only 7% have high titers of IgA class ASCA antibodies.
Important Note
Laboratory test results are the most critical parameter for diagnosing and monitoring all pathological conditions. Between 70 to 80% of diagnostic decisions are based on laboratory tests. Correctly interpreting laboratory results allows a doctor to distinguish "healthy" from "diseased."
Laboratory test results should not be interpreted from the numerical result of a single analysis. Test results should be analyzed based on each case and family history, clinical findings, and the results of other laboratory tests and information. Your physician should explain the importance of your test results.
At Diagnostiki Athinon, we answer any questions you may have about the test you perform in our laboratory and contact your doctor to ensure you receive the best possible medical care.
